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Spring Boot Security - Refresh Expired JSON Web Token

Spring Boot Security Example - Refresh Expired JSON Web Token

In previous tutorial we had implemented Spring Boot + JWT Example. We had also covered the topic of JWT Expiration. We had implemented the solution such that if the JWT has expired then the user gets JWTExpiredException.
Suppose our requirement is such that if the token has expired, still the user should be allowed to access the system if the token is valid. That is the token should be refreshed or a new valid token should be provided.
We will be working on a solution where if the user he receives JWT expired exception, then he can call another API with the expired token. A new token will then provided to the user which he can use for future interactions. Previously we had implemented an example for programmatically consuming the JWT secure API using Spring RestTemplate. We will be testing this refresh Token generation API both using Postman as well as the Spring RestTemplate.

Video

This tutorial is explained in the below Youtube Video.

Spring Boot JSON Web Token- Table of Contents

Understanding the need for JSON Web Token(JWT) Understanding JWT Structure Implement Spring Boot Security Implement Spring Boot + JSON Web Token Security Implement Spring Boot Security + JSON Web Token + MySQL Spring Boot RestTemplate + JWT Authentication Example Spring Boot Security - Refresh Expired JSON Web Token Angular 7 + Spring Boot JWT Authentication Hello World Example Online JWT Generator Online JWT Decoder

Create and return new JWT token on Expiration

We will be modifying the Spring Boot + JWT + MySql example to implement Refresh JWT.

In application properties specify expiration time for the refresh token to be created. We use a seperate value for Refresh Token as we may want to specify different value to refresh token that the original JWT.
Also the expirationDateInMs we have specified as 0 because we want to test the expiration scenario.
jwt.secret = javainuse
jwt.expirationDateInMs=0
jwt.refreshExpirationDateInMs=9000000
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/bootjwt?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&autoReconnect=true&useSSL=false
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root
spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create-drop
In the JwtUtil class create a method named doGenerateRefreshToken to create the refresh token.
package com.javainuse.springbootsecurity.config;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.BadCredentialsException;
import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims;
import io.jsonwebtoken.ExpiredJwtException;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jws;
import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts;
import io.jsonwebtoken.MalformedJwtException;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm;
import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureException;
import io.jsonwebtoken.UnsupportedJwtException;

@Service
public class JwtUtil {

	private String secret;
	private int jwtExpirationInMs;
	private int refreshExpirationDateInMs;

	@Value("${jwt.secret}")
	public void setSecret(String secret) {
		this.secret = secret;
	}

	@Value("${jwt.expirationDateInMs}")
	public void setJwtExpirationInMs(int jwtExpirationInMs) {
		this.jwtExpirationInMs = jwtExpirationInMs;
	}

	@Value("${jwt.refreshExpirationDateInMs}")
	public void setRefreshExpirationDateInMs(int refreshExpirationDateInMs) {
		this.refreshExpirationDateInMs = refreshExpirationDateInMs;
	}

	public String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) {
		Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>();

		Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> roles = userDetails.getAuthorities();

		if (roles.contains(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_ADMIN"))) {
			claims.put("isAdmin", true);
		}
		if (roles.contains(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_USER"))) {
			claims.put("isUser", true);
		}

		return doGenerateToken(claims, userDetails.getUsername());
	}

	private String doGenerateToken(Map<String, Object> claims, String subject) {

		return Jwts.builder().setClaims(claims).setSubject(subject).setIssuedAt(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()))
				.setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + jwtExpirationInMs))
				.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, secret).compact();

	}

	public String doGenerateRefreshToken(Map<String, Object> claims, String subject) {

		return Jwts.builder().setClaims(claims).setSubject(subject).setIssuedAt(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis()))
				.setExpiration(new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + refreshExpirationDateInMs))
				.signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, secret).compact();

	}

	public boolean validateToken(String authToken) {
		try {
			Jws<Claims> claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(authToken);
			return true;
		} catch (SignatureException | MalformedJwtException | UnsupportedJwtException | IllegalArgumentException ex) {
			throw new BadCredentialsException("INVALID_CREDENTIALS", ex);
		} catch (ExpiredJwtException ex) {
			throw ex;
		}
	}

	public String getUsernameFromToken(String token) {
		Claims claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();
		return claims.getSubject();

	}

	public List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> getRolesFromToken(String token) {
		Claims claims = Jwts.parser().setSigningKey(secret).parseClaimsJws(token).getBody();

		List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> roles = null;

		Boolean isAdmin = claims.get("isAdmin", Boolean.class);
		Boolean isUser = claims.get("isUser", Boolean.class);

		if (isAdmin != null && isAdmin) {
			roles = Arrays.asList(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_ADMIN"));
		}

		if (isUser != null && isAdmin) {
			roles = Arrays.asList(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_USER"));
		}
		return roles;

	}

}




Next we will be making changes in CustomJwtAuthenticationFilter class. If during JWT validation we get JWT Expiration Exception then we check -
  • If the HttpRequest header has the isRefreshToken set to true
  • If the HttpRequest url is refreshtoken. We do not want any other url to be allowed if the JWT has expired
If both the above conditions are true then we extract the claims from the ExpiredJwtException and store them as an attribute in the HttpRequest. These claims will be later used for Refresh JWT creation. Also we set the Security context by creating a UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken with null values.
package com.javainuse.springbootsecurity.config;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.BadCredentialsException;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.User;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter;

import io.jsonwebtoken.ExpiredJwtException;

@Component
public class CustomJwtAuthenticationFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter {

	@Autowired
	private JwtUtil jwtTokenUtil;

	@Override
	protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		try {
			// JWT Token is in the form "Bearer token". Remove Bearer word and
			// get only the Token
			String jwtToken = extractJwtFromRequest(request);

			if (StringUtils.hasText(jwtToken) && jwtTokenUtil.validateToken(jwtToken)) {
				UserDetails userDetails = new User(jwtTokenUtil.getUsernameFromToken(jwtToken), "",
						jwtTokenUtil.getRolesFromToken(jwtToken));

				UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken usernamePasswordAuthenticationToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
						userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities());
				// After setting the Authentication in the context, we specify
				// that the current user is authenticated. So it passes the
				// Spring Security Configurations successfully.
				SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(usernamePasswordAuthenticationToken);
			} else {
				System.out.println("Cannot set the Security Context");
			}
		} catch (ExpiredJwtException ex) {

			String isRefreshToken = request.getHeader("isRefreshToken");
			String requestURL = request.getRequestURL().toString();
			// allow for Refresh Token creation if following conditions are true.
			if (isRefreshToken != null && isRefreshToken.equals("true") && requestURL.contains("refreshtoken")) {
				allowForRefreshToken(ex, request);
			} else
				request.setAttribute("exception", ex);

		} catch (BadCredentialsException ex) {
			request.setAttribute("exception", ex);
		} catch (Exception ex) {
			System.out.println(ex);
		}
		chain.doFilter(request, response);
	}

	private void allowForRefreshToken(ExpiredJwtException ex, HttpServletRequest request) {

		// create a UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken with null values.
		UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken usernamePasswordAuthenticationToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
				null, null, null);
		// After setting the Authentication in the context, we specify
		// that the current user is authenticated. So it passes the
		// Spring Security Configurations successfully.
		SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(usernamePasswordAuthenticationToken);
		// Set the claims so that in controller we will be using it to create
		// new JWT
		request.setAttribute("claims", ex.getClaims());

	}

	private String extractJwtFromRequest(HttpServletRequest request) {
		String bearerToken = request.getHeader("Authorization");
		if (StringUtils.hasText(bearerToken) && bearerToken.startsWith("Bearer ")) {
			return bearerToken.substring(7, bearerToken.length());
		}
		return null;
	}

}

Finally in the controller class expose the GET API for creating the refresh token -
package com.javainuse.springbootsecurity.controller;

import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Map.Entry;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;

import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.BadCredentialsException;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.DisabledException;
import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import com.javainuse.springbootsecurity.config.CustomUserDetailsService;
import com.javainuse.springbootsecurity.config.JwtUtil;
import com.javainuse.springbootsecurity.model.AuthenticationRequest;
import com.javainuse.springbootsecurity.model.AuthenticationResponse;
import com.javainuse.springbootsecurity.model.UserDTO;

import io.jsonwebtoken.impl.DefaultClaims;

@RestController
public class AuthenticationController {

	@Autowired
	private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;

	@Autowired
	private CustomUserDetailsService userDetailsService;

	@Autowired
	private JwtUtil jwtUtil;

	@RequestMapping(value = "/authenticate", method = RequestMethod.POST)
	public ResponseEntity<?> createAuthenticationToken(@RequestBody AuthenticationRequest authenticationRequest)
			throws Exception {
		try {
			authenticationManager.authenticate(new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
					authenticationRequest.getUsername(), authenticationRequest.getPassword()));
		} catch (DisabledException e) {
			throw new Exception("USER_DISABLED", e);
		} catch (BadCredentialsException e) {
			throw new Exception("INVALID_CREDENTIALS", e);
		}

		UserDetails userdetails = userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(authenticationRequest.getUsername());
		String token = jwtUtil.generateToken(userdetails);
		return ResponseEntity.ok(new AuthenticationResponse(token));
	}

	@RequestMapping(value = "/register", method = RequestMethod.POST)
	public ResponseEntity<?> saveUser(@RequestBody UserDTO user) throws Exception {
		return ResponseEntity.ok(userDetailsService.save(user));
	}

	@RequestMapping(value = "/refreshtoken", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public ResponseEntity<?> refreshtoken(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
		// From the HttpRequest get the claims
		DefaultClaims claims = (io.jsonwebtoken.impl.DefaultClaims) request.getAttribute("claims");

		Map<String, Object> expectedMap = getMapFromIoJsonwebtokenClaims(claims);
		String token = jwtUtil.doGenerateRefreshToken(expectedMap, expectedMap.get("sub").toString());
		return ResponseEntity.ok(new AuthenticationResponse(token));
	}

	public Map<String, Object> getMapFromIoJsonwebtokenClaims(DefaultClaims claims) {
		Map<String, Object> expectedMap = new HashMap<String, Object>();
		for (Entry<String, Object> entry : claims.entrySet()) {
			expectedMap.put(entry.getKey(), entry.getValue());
		}
		return expectedMap;
	}
}
We are done with the changes.
  • Register new User - localhost:8080/register

  • Authenticate User and get JWT - localhost:8080/authenticate

  • Try accessing the helloadmin url - localhost:8080/helloadmin with JWT. We get Expired JWT Exception

  • Generate Refresh Token - localhost:8080/refreshtoken

  • Use the new Token to successfully get data from helloadmin - localhost:8080/helloadmin

Test Refresh Token with Spring Boot RestTemplate

Previously we have implemented Spring Boot RestTemplate + JWT example. We will be modifying the code to test the refresh token scenario.
Modify the TestController class. If we get the Expired JWT Exception, we will be creating a new refresh JWT and using it to get the data.
package com.javainuse.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

import com.fasterxml.jackson.core.JsonProcessingException;
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import com.javainuse.model.RegistrationUser;
import com.javainuse.model.ResponseToken;
import com.javainuse.model.User;

import io.jsonwebtoken.ExpiredJwtException;
//import io.jsonwebtoken.ExpiredJwtException;

@RestController
public class TestController {

	@Autowired
	RestTemplate restTemplate;

	private static final String REGISTRATION_URL = "http://localhost:8080/register";
	private static final String AUTHENTICATION_URL = "http://localhost:8080/authenticate";
	private static final String HELLO_URL = "http://localhost:8080/helloadmin";
	private static final String REFRESH_TOKEN = "http://localhost:8080/refreshtoken";

	private String token;

	@RequestMapping(value = "/getResponse", method = RequestMethod.GET)
	public String getResponse() throws JsonProcessingException {

		String response = null;
		// create user registration object
		RegistrationUser registrationUser = getRegistrationUser();
		// convert the user registration object to JSON
		String registrationBody = getBody(registrationUser);
		// create headers specifying that it is JSON request
		HttpHeaders registrationHeaders = getHeaders();
		HttpEntity<String> registrationEntity = new HttpEntity<String>(registrationBody, registrationHeaders);

		try {
			// Register User
			ResponseEntity<String> registrationResponse = restTemplate.exchange(REGISTRATION_URL, HttpMethod.POST,
					registrationEntity, String.class);
			// if the registration is successful
			if (registrationResponse.getStatusCode().equals(HttpStatus.OK)) {

				// create user authentication object
				User authenticationUser = getAuthenticationUser();
				// convert the user authentication object to JSON
				String authenticationBody = getBody(authenticationUser);
				// create headers specifying that it is JSON request
				HttpHeaders authenticationHeaders = getHeaders();
				HttpEntity<String> authenticationEntity = new HttpEntity<String>(authenticationBody,
						authenticationHeaders);

				// Authenticate User and get JWT
				ResponseEntity<ResponseToken> authenticationResponse = restTemplate.exchange(AUTHENTICATION_URL,
						HttpMethod.POST, authenticationEntity, ResponseToken.class);

				// if the authentication is successful
				if (authenticationResponse.getStatusCode().equals(HttpStatus.OK)) {
					token = "Bearer " + authenticationResponse.getBody().getToken();
					response = getData();

				}
			}
		} catch (Exception ex) {
			// check if exception is due to ExpiredJwtException
			if (ex.getMessage().contains("io.jsonwebtoken.ExpiredJwtException")) {
				// Refresh Token
				refreshToken();
				// try again with refresh token
				response = getData();
			}else {
				System.out.println(ex);
			}
		}
		return response;

	}

	private String getData() {
		String response = null;

		HttpHeaders headers = getHeaders();
		headers.set("Authorization", token);
		HttpEntity<String> jwtEntity = new HttpEntity<String>(headers);
		// Use Token to get Response
		ResponseEntity<String> helloResponse = restTemplate.exchange(HELLO_URL, HttpMethod.GET, jwtEntity,
				String.class);
		if (helloResponse.getStatusCode().equals(HttpStatus.OK)) {
			response = helloResponse.getBody();
		}
		return response;

	}

	private void refreshToken() {
		HttpHeaders headers = getHeaders();
		headers.set("Authorization", token);
		headers.set("isRefreshToken", "true");
		HttpEntity<String> jwtEntity = new HttpEntity<String>(headers);
		// Use Token to get Response
		ResponseEntity<ResponseToken> refreshTokenResponse = restTemplate.exchange(REFRESH_TOKEN, HttpMethod.GET, jwtEntity,
				ResponseToken.class);
		if (refreshTokenResponse.getStatusCode().equals(HttpStatus.OK)) {
			token = "Bearer " +refreshTokenResponse.getBody().getToken();
		}

	}

	private RegistrationUser getRegistrationUser() {
		RegistrationUser user = new RegistrationUser();
		user.setUsername("javainuse");
		user.setPassword("javainuse");
		user.setRole("ROLE_ADMIN");
		return user;
	}

	private User getAuthenticationUser() {
		User user = new User();
		user.setUsername("javainuse");
		user.setPassword("javainuse");
		return user;
	}

	private HttpHeaders getHeaders() {
		HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
		headers.set("Content-Type", MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE);
		headers.set("Accept", MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE);
		return headers;
	}

	private String getBody(final User user) throws JsonProcessingException {
		return new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(user);
	}
}
Run the application to test refreshtoken url.

Download Source Code

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Spring Boot + Refresh JWT
Spring Boot + RestTemplate + Refresh JWT